Sonography of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Class
DMSO 2305

Detailed study of the pelvis and obstetrics/gynecology as related to scanning techniques, patient history and laboratory data, transducer selection, and scanning protocols. (2-4-0)

Course Learning Objectives

Evaluate patient history and laboratory data as it relates to sonography. Identify the sonographic appearances of normal and abnormal female pelvis; identify normal and abnormal obstetrical findings; demonstrate appropriate scanning techniques using standard protocols.

Required Textbooks

Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography Vol Two, 8th ed., Sandra L. Hagen-Ansert, Mosby ISBN 978-0-323-35375-5

Evaluation Standards
Exams (Objectives I-XIII)                                                                             35%
Scan Labs (Objectives I-XIII)                                                                        20%
Quizzes (Objectives I-XIII)                                                                          20%
Final Exam (Objectives I-XIII)                                                                       25%

Grading Standards:

  • A         92-100%
  • B         85-91%
  • C         78-84%
  • F          <78%                         
Course Progression
  1. Describe the normal anatomy and physiology of the pelvis (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
    1.   Discuss endometrial abnormalities, including endometrial hyperplasia and polyps
    2.  Discuss uterine abnormalities, including uterine masses and sarcomas
    3.  Discuss uterine anomalies, including septate, subseptate, bicornuate and unicornis uterus
    4.  Discuss cervical abnormalities
    5.  Discuss ovarian abnormalities
    6. Describe how to measure the uterus, endometrial thickness, ovaries, and cervical length
  2. Discuss the role of ultrasound in obstetrics (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11,12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  3. Demonstrate how to perform obstetrical exams
  4. Detail how to assess the cervix
  5. Discuss safety of the ultrasound examination
  6. Identify indications for obstetric ultrasound
  7. Describe the guidelines for the obstetric examination in the first, second, and third trimesters.
  8. Define terminology specific to trimesters, gravidity and parity, and fetal presentation
  9. Determine the fetal lie and presentation

 

  1. Discuss ultrasound evaluation during the first trimester of pregnancy (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Explain the early development of the embryo
  2. Explain the role of serum human chorionic gonadotropin
  3. Delineate the differences between transabdominal, endovaginal and translabial scanning
  4. List the goals for sonography in the first trimester
  5. Define the sonographic characteristics of the yolk sac, embryo, amnion and chorion, and gestational sac
  6. Describe when the herniation of bowel occurs in the embryo
  7. Describe the sonographic measurements performed in the first trimester, including how to measure the gestation sac, how to perform a crown-rump measurement, how to measure the nuchal translucency and how to measure the yolk sac

 

  1. Describe first trimester complications (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Distinguish among normal bowel herniation, gastroschisis, and omphalocele
  2. Discuss the difference between a fibroid and uterine contraction on sonography
  3. Describe the clinical and sonographic findings in ectopic pregnancy
  4. List the other types of abnormal pregnancies, including molar pregnancies
  5. Distinguish between an incomplete abortion and an anembryonic pregnancy

 

  1. Discuss ultrasound evaluation during the second and third trimesters (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)            
  1. List the guidelines for a second- and third-trimester obstetric sonography examination
  2. Describe sonographic techniques used to image specific fetal structures
  3. Describe fetal anatomy visualized in an obstetric sonography examination.
  4. Describe how to measure the following: cisterna magnum, cerebellum, lateral ventricle, cephalic index, nuchal fold between 15-20 weeks, orbital diameter, nasal bone, and extremities

 

  1. Discuss obstetric measurements and gestational age (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Calculate the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and extremity measurements
  2. Assess fetal parameter measurements and fetal growth
  3. Describe when other measurements should be used to provide additional clinical information
  4. Evaluate fetal growth series for IUGR and growth disturbances.

 

  1. Discuss fetal growth assessment by ultrasound (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Describe how intrauterine growth restriction may be detected by ultrasound
  2. Differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction
  3. List which growth parameters should be used to assess intrauterine growth restriction
  4. Describe how to perform a biophysical profile on a fetus
  5. Analyze the significance of macrosomia in a fetus.

 

  1. Describe prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Describe the methods of genetic testing, including maternal serum markers, chorionic villus sampling, and amniocentesis > 15 weeks
  2. Discuss the technique of a sonohysterography

 

  1. Discuss the placenta (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Describe embryogenesis of the placenta
  2. List the functions of the placenta
  3. Identify the placental position and describe its importance
  4. Describe placental masses, including chorioangioma
  5. Recognize placental abruption on ultrasound
  6. Demonstrate the sonographic findings of a placental infarction
  7. Describe accrete, increta and percreta

 

  1.  Discuss the umbilical cord (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Describe the development and normal anatomy of the umbilical cord
  2. Identify masses that are associated with the umbilical cord
  3. List and describe the clinical significance of umbilical cord insertion abnormalities
  4. Discuss the cause of vasa previa and prolapsed of the cord
  5. Identify the abnormalities associated with single umbilical artery.

 

  1.  Discuss amniotic fluid and membranes (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  1. Describe how amniotic fluid is produced
  2. List the functions of amniotic fluid
  3. Describe how to assess the amniotic fluid index and the deepest vertical pocket
  4. Explain how to recognize abnormal volumes of amniotic fluid
  5. Differentiate how to determine amniotic band syndrome from amniotic sheets.

 

  1.  Discuss artifacts, pitfalls, and normal variants (F1, 2, 4 5. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, C1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19)
  2. Discuss the pelvis, gravid and nongravid uterus
  3. Discuss the first trimester
  4. Discuss the fetal head and neck
  5. Discuss the fetal thorax
  6. Discuss the fetal abdomen
  7. Discuss the amniotic fluid and membranes
  8. Discuss the fetal skeleton
  9. Discuss artifacts
Absences

Attendance is the biggest predictor of your success.  Attendance at every class is expected.  You will be allowed to miss 2 class days (exception for test days) and/or two lab days (if applicable) without it adversely affecting your grade.  Every one absence over the allotted days will result in your final grade being reduced by one letter grade.  If you are more than 15 minutes late to lecture or lab, this will constitute an absence. Three tardies count as one day absent. You are required to notify the instructor prior to any absence. Failure to do so will result in an unexcused absence.

An exam missed because of an excused absence must be made up the day that you return to class. An exam missed because of an unexcused absence may not be made up, and you will receive a grade of zero (0) for that exam. Pop quizzes may not be made up under any circumstances.

All class and clinical assignments are due on the appointed dates at the designated time. Failure to turn in assignment on time will result in an automatic 15 points off. Failure to submit an assignment within the same day the will result in a grade of “0.”. Although a grade of “0” will be given, the individual instructor reserves the right to ask for completion of the assignment.  Failure to comply with request will result in incompletion of the course.

You must achieve a minimum of 78% or higher to pass this course.

A student shall retain all rights to work created as part of instruction or using College District technology resources.

Disabilities

ADA Statement:

Any student with a documented disability (e.g. learning, psychiatric, vision, hearing, etc.) may contact the Office on the Weatherford College Weatherford Campus to request reasonable accommodations. Phone: 817-598-6350 Office Location: Office Number 118 in the Student Services Building, upper floor. Physical Address: Weatherford College 225 College Park Drive Weatherford, TX.

Academic Integrity
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Hope Statement
Any student who faces challenges securing basic resources such as food, clothing, or housing and believes this may affect their performance in their course of study is urged to contact the Director of Student Resources, Dr. Deborah Cregger, for support at (817) 598-6444. Her office is on the first floor of Student Services. If the student prefers, they may contact their instructor, who can reach out on their behalf. Weatherford College also provides the Coyote Pantry. The Pantry maintains boxed and canned foods for students in need. The location of the Coyote Pantry is two blocks west of the Weatherford campus at the Baptist Student Ministry (118 E. Park Ave., Weatherford). Pantry hours are Mon-Thurs. 8:30 am-4:30 pm and Fri. 8.30 am-12:00 pm (817-599-6586).